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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Apocynum Cannabinum
Brand Name
Apocynum Cannabinum
Generic Name
Apocynum Cannabinum
Active Ingredient
Apocynum Cannabinum RootCategory
alpha-Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]
Variants
9
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for Apocynum Cannabinum, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
| 100 [hp_C]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-061 |
| 1 [hp_M]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-064 |
| 1 [hp_Q]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-066 |
| 200 [hp_C]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-062 |
| 6 [hp_C]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-058 |
| 12 [hp_C]/1 | PELLET | ORAL | 63545-059 |
Detailed information about Apocynum Cannabinum
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is a botanical active ingredient classified as an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist. It is primarily utilized in allergenic extracts and historical pharmacological preparations for its potent cardiovascular and sympathomimetic effects.
Dosage for Apocynum Cannabinum Root varies significantly based on the preparation and the condition being treated.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is generally not recommended for pediatric use outside of specialized allergenic immunotherapy conducted by a board-certified allergist.
Patients with impaired kidney function (reduced GFR) require significant dose reductions. The active glycosides and their metabolites are partially cleared through the kidneys; accumulation can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Close monitoring of serum electrolytes (potassium, calcium, magnesium) is mandatory.
Since the liver is a primary site for the metabolism of Apocynum constituents, patients with hepatic cirrhosis or hepatitis may experience prolonged half-lives of the drug. Lower doses and extended intervals between doses are typically recommended.
Geriatric patients are more sensitive to the adrenergic and cardiac effects of Apocynum Cannabinum Root. They are at a higher risk for hypertension, tachycardia, and glycoside-induced arrhythmias. Dosing should start at the lowest possible end of the spectrum.
If you miss a dose of Apocynum Cannabinum Root, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up, as this significantly increases the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Signs of an overdose of Apocynum Cannabinum Root are severe and require immediate emergency medical intervention. Symptoms include:
In the event of an overdose, call 911 or your local emergency services immediately. Treatment often involves gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and the administration of Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind) in cases of severe glycoside poisoning.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions exactly. Do not adjust your dose or stop the medication without medical guidance, as sudden changes can impact your cardiovascular stability.
Most patients taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root, especially in allergenic or tincture forms, may experience mild to moderate side effects. These often include:
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is a highly bioactive substance that requires careful medical oversight. It is not a 'gentle' herbal remedy; it contains potent chemicals that act directly on the heart and nervous system. Patients with pre-existing heart conditions, high blood pressure, or thyroid disorders must exercise extreme caution.
As noted in the side effects section, the FDA-mandated warning for allergenic extracts containing Apocynum Cannabinum Root emphasizes the risk of anaphylaxis. It specifies that the drug must only be administered by physicians trained in the management of life-threatening allergic reactions. Patients must be screened for factors that would make a systemic reaction more dangerous, such as severe pulmonary disease or the use of certain blood pressure medications.
Certain medications must NEVER be used in combination with Apocynum Cannabinum Root due to the risk of fatal interactions:
Apocynum Cannabinum Root must NEVER be used in patients with the following conditions:
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is generally classified as FDA Pregnancy Category C. This means that animal reproduction studies have not been conducted, and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans. However, the root has historical use as an emmenagogue (a substance that stimulates menstrual flow) and may have oxytocic properties, meaning it could stimulate uterine contractions.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root exerts its effects through two primary pathways. First, it acts as a sympathomimetic amine, stimulating alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. This results in vasoconstriction, increased cardiac contractility, and bronchodilation. Second, it contains cardiac glycosides (primarily cymarin and apocannoside). These molecules bind to and inhibit the alpha-subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme on the cardiac cell membrane. This inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular sodium, which in turn reduces the activity of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX). The resulting increase in intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) during systole enhances the force of myocardial contraction (positive inotropic effect).
Common questions about Apocynum Cannabinum
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is primarily used today in the field of allergy and immunology as an allergenic extract for diagnostic testing and desensitization therapy. Historically, it was a prominent treatment for edema (fluid retention) and heart failure due to its potent diuretic and cardiac-stimulating properties. In specialized botanical medicine, it may still be used to support cardiovascular function and manage certain respiratory symptoms. However, because of its high toxicity and the availability of safer modern alternatives, its use is strictly limited to specific clinical contexts. It is also found in various homeopathic preparations for similar indications. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any product containing this root.
The most common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. Patients receiving the extract via injection often experience local reactions like redness, itching, and swelling at the site. Because it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, many people also report a mild increase in heart rate, headaches, and a feeling of jitteriness or anxiety. These effects are usually temporary but should be monitored closely. If side effects become severe or if you notice changes in your vision, you should contact your doctor immediately. Long-term use without supervision can lead to more dangerous cumulative effects on the heart.
No, you should avoid drinking alcohol while taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root. Alcohol can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects, such as irregular heart rhythms and unpredictable changes in blood pressure. Additionally, both alcohol and the diuretic properties of the root can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, specifically low potassium. Low potassium is particularly dangerous because it makes the heart much more sensitive to the toxic effects of the glycosides found in the root. Alcohol can also worsen the gastrointestinal irritation caused by the medication. For your safety, it is best to abstain from alcohol entirely during treatment.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is generally not considered safe during pregnancy and is classified as Category C. There is a lack of rigorous human data, but historical evidence suggests the root may act as an emmenagogue, potentially stimulating menstrual flow or uterine contractions, which could lead to miscarriage or preterm labor. The potent effects on blood pressure and heart rate could also negatively impact the blood flow to the placenta. Because of these significant risks, it should only be used if a physician determines that the benefits clearly outweigh the potential dangers to the fetus. Pregnant women should always discuss alternative treatments with their obstetrician.
The onset of action depends on the form of the medication and the effect being measured. Adrenergic effects, such as increased heart rate or changes in breathing, usually begin within 30 to 60 minutes after taking an oral dose. If administered as an injection for allergy testing, skin reactions typically appear within 15 to 20 minutes. However, the cardiac glycoside effects, which strengthen the heart's contraction, take longer to peak, often requiring 2 to 4 hours to reach maximum effect. The duration of action is also quite long, with some cardiac effects lasting up to 24 hours. Because it works slowly and stays in the system, dosing must be carefully timed.
You should not stop taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root suddenly without consulting your healthcare provider, especially if you have been using it for a chronic condition. While it does not cause a traditional addiction, your cardiovascular system may have adjusted to the presence of the drug's adrenergic and cardiac-stimulating effects. Abruptly stopping could lead to a 'rebound' effect, potentially causing a sudden increase in fluid retention (edema) or changes in heart rhythm stability. Your doctor will typically recommend a gradual tapering of the dose to allow your body to readjust safely. Always follow the specific discontinuation plan provided by your medical professional.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose, you should skip the missed dose and simply take the next one at the regular time. It is vital that you never take two doses at once or 'double up' to make up for a missed one. Because the active ingredients in the root can accumulate in your body, taking too much in a short period significantly increases the risk of life-threatening heart toxicity. If you are unsure what to do after missing multiple doses, contact your pharmacist or doctor for specific guidance.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is more likely to cause weight loss than weight gain, primarily due to its potent diuretic properties. By increasing the amount of salt and water excreted by the kidneys, it helps the body get rid of excess fluid, which can lead to a decrease in 'water weight.' This was the primary reason for its historical use in treating dropsy (edema). However, if you experience sudden weight gain while taking it, this could be a sign that your heart is not pumping effectively and fluid is building up, which requires immediate medical attention. It does not typically affect body fat or appetite in a way that leads to traditional weight gain.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root has many serious drug interactions and should only be taken with other medications under strict medical supervision. It is particularly dangerous to combine it with Digoxin, as the effects can add up and cause fatal heart poisoning. It also interacts poorly with certain blood pressure medications like beta-blockers and diuretics, which can alter potassium levels and increase the risk of heart rhythm problems. Even over-the-counter supplements like St. John's Wort or high-fiber foods can change how the drug is absorbed or cleared from your body. Always provide your doctor with a complete list of everything you are taking to avoid dangerous interactions.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is not available as a standard 'generic' prescription drug in the same way medications like lisinopril or amoxicillin are. Instead, it is available as a raw botanical ingredient, in various homeopathic preparations, and as non-standardized allergenic extracts produced by specialized laboratories. These products are often sold under the botanical name rather than a brand name. Because these preparations are not standardized in the same way as conventional pharmaceuticals, the potency can vary significantly between different manufacturers. Patients should only purchase these products from reputable sources and use them under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Apocynum Cannabinum Root)
> Warning: Stop taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these serious symptoms:
Prolonged use of Apocynum Cannabinum Root can lead to cumulative toxicity. Because the cardiac glycosides have a long half-life, they can build up in the system over weeks or months. Chronic effects may include:
While Apocynum Cannabinum Root as a raw ingredient does not have a universal FDA black box warning for all forms, the Allergenic Extract form carries a significant warning regarding Anaphylaxis:
Apocynum Cannabinum Root allergenic extracts can cause severe life-threatening systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Patients must be monitored for at least 30 minutes in a healthcare facility after receiving an injection. This product should not be administered to patients with unstable asthma or those taking beta-blockers, as these conditions increase the risk of a fatal outcome if a reaction occurs.
Report any unusual symptoms or persistent side effects to your healthcare provider immediately. Monitoring of drug levels and heart function is essential for long-term safety.
Patients taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root for extended periods may require the following monitoring:
Apocynum Cannabinum Root may cause dizziness, blurred vision, or sudden changes in blood pressure. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how this medication affects you. If you experience any visual changes or lightheadedness, stop these activities and consult your doctor.
Alcohol should be avoided while taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root. Alcohol can exacerbate the cardiovascular side effects, such as tachycardia and blood pressure fluctuations. It may also increase the risk of gastrointestinal irritation and dehydration, which can worsen electrolyte imbalances.
Do not stop taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root suddenly if you have been using it for a chronic condition. While it does not have a typical 'withdrawal syndrome' like opioids, sudden cessation can cause a rebound effect in fluid retention or cardiovascular stability. Your doctor will provide a tapering schedule to safely reduce the dose.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions, especially heart disease, asthma, and kidney problems, with your healthcare provider before starting Apocynum Cannabinum Root.
Apocynum Cannabinum Root can interfere with certain laboratory tests:
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, including over-the-counter cold medicines and vitamins.
Conditions requiring a careful risk-benefit analysis by a specialist include:
Patients who are allergic to other plants in the Dogbane family (Apocynaceae) may experience cross-reactivity. This includes common ornamental plants like Oleander (Nerium oleander) and Periwinkle (Vinca). Additionally, patients sensitive to other cardiac glycoside-containing plants (like Digitalis purpurea or Foxglove) should be treated with extreme caution.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history, including any history of heart rhythm disorders or severe allergies, before prescribing Apocynum Cannabinum Root.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric populations have not been established for systemic use. In the context of Allergenic Immunotherapy, it is used in children, but with heightened monitoring. Children have a smaller volume of distribution and may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity from accidental overdose. It is NOT approved for treating any cardiac or diuretic conditions in children.
Elderly patients (65 years and older) are at a significantly higher risk when taking Apocynum Cannabinum Root.
In patients with a GFR below 60 mL/min, the dose of Apocynum Cannabinum Root must be reduced. In severe renal failure (GFR < 15 mL/min), the drug is generally avoided. Dialysis does not effectively clear cardiac glycosides due to their high tissue binding, so extra caution is needed in patients on hemodialysis.
Patients with Child-Pugh Class B or C hepatic impairment should receive reduced doses. The liver's ability to conjugate and detoxify the various alkaloids and glycosides in the root is compromised, leading to a higher risk of systemic side effects.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment and more frequent laboratory monitoring to ensure safety.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | 40% - 60% (Variable) |
| Protein Binding | 25% - 35% |
| Half-life | 12 - 24 hours |
| Tmax | 1.5 - 3 hours |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (Hydrolysis and Conjugation) |
| Excretion | Renal (30%), Fecal (70%) |
Apocynum Cannabinum Root is classified as an alpha-Adrenergic Agonist, beta-Adrenergic Agonist, and Catecholamine. It is also grouped under Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extracts. It is pharmacologically related to other cardiac glycoside-containing agents like Digoxin and Ouabain, as well as adrenergic agents like Epinephrine.