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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Brand Name
First Aid Antiseptic
Generic Name
Povidone-iodine
Active Ingredient
Povidone-iodineCategory
Antiseptic [EPC]
Variants
12
Different strengths and dosage forms
| Strength | Form | Route | NDC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 11822-9050 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 72288-450 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 72476-050 |
References used for this content
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for First Aid Antiseptic, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 11673-003 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 21130-891 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 36800-011 |
| 100 mg/g | OINTMENT | TOPICAL | 0536-1271 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 0363-0777 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 49035-050 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 55319-700 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 55910-001 |
| 10 mg/mL | SOLUTION | TOPICAL | 41250-720 |
Detailed information about First Aid Antiseptic
Povidone-iodine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic used for skin disinfection, wound care, and surgical preparation. It belongs to the iodophore class of medications, providing sustained release of iodine to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
For general antiseptic use in adults, povidone-iodine should be applied according to the specific product formulation and the nature of the condition being treated.
Povidone-iodine should be used with extreme caution in the pediatric population, particularly in neonates (newborns) and infants.
Patients with significant renal (kidney) impairment must use povidone-iodine with caution, especially on large wounds. Because absorbed iodine is cleared through the kidneys, impaired function can lead to iodine toxicity and metabolic acidosis. Healthcare providers may recommend alternative antiseptics like chlorhexidine in these cases.
No specific dosage adjustments are typically required for patients with hepatic (liver) impairment, as iodine is not primarily metabolized by the liver. However, overall clinical status should be monitored.
Older adults often have thinner, more fragile skin, which may increase the risk of local irritation or systemic absorption. Healthcare providers typically advise using the minimum amount necessary and monitoring for skin breakdown.
Povidone-iodine is for external use only. It must never be swallowed, injected, or used in the ears if the eardrum is perforated.
If you are using povidone-iodine on a schedule for wound care and miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next application, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not 'double up' the amount applied.
Systemic overdose of povidone-iodine is rare with topical use but can occur if the product is ingested or used excessively on large, open wounds. Symptoms of iodine toxicity include a metallic taste in the mouth, increased salivation, burning in the throat, stomach pain, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it can lead to kidney failure or circulatory collapse.
In the event of accidental ingestion, seek emergency medical attention or contact a Poison Control Center immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions. Do not adjust your dose without medical guidance.
Most patients tolerate povidone-iodine well, but local skin reactions are common. These typically include:
Some individuals may experience more pronounced reactions, particularly with frequent use:
Povidone-iodine is a potent antiseptic that must be used with caution to ensure safety. It is intended for external use only. Users should avoid contact with the eyes (unless using the specific 5% ophthalmic formulation) and should not apply it to deep puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns without first consulting a healthcare professional. If the condition persists or worsens after 7 days of use, or if redness, irritation, or swelling develops, discontinue use and seek medical advice.
No FDA black box warnings for Povidone-iodine.
Although povidone-iodine is not the same as 'shellfish allergy' (which is usually a reaction to proteins, not iodine), true iodine hypersensitivity exists. Patients with a known history of allergy to iodine or povidone must avoid this medication. Anaphylactic shock has been reported in rare instances during surgical preparation.
Povidone-iodine must NEVER be used in the following circumstances:
Povidone-iodine is generally classified as FDA Pregnancy Category C (though some international guidelines treat it as Category D for prolonged use). Iodine readily crosses the placental barrier. The fetal thyroid gland begins to concentrate iodine by the 10th to 12th week of gestation. Excessive maternal absorption of povidone-iodine—such as through vaginal douching or treatment of large wounds—can lead to transient goiter (enlarged thyroid) or hypothyroidism in the newborn. Healthcare providers typically recommend using alternative antiseptics during pregnancy unless the benefit clearly outweighs the risk to the fetus.
Iodine is concentrated in breast milk, with levels reaching up to 8 times the concentration found in maternal plasma. If a nursing mother uses povidone-iodine over large areas or for extended periods, the infant may ingest significant amounts of iodine, leading to a risk of 'transient neonatal hypothyroidism.' The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests caution. If povidone-iodine must be used, the infant's thyroid function should ideally be monitored by a pediatrician.
Povidone-iodine is an iodophore, a complex of the polymer povidone and elemental iodine. The povidone acts as a carrier and a slow-release reservoir. In an aqueous environment, the complex dissociates to maintain a constant concentration of 'free' iodine. This free iodine is the active germicidal agent. It acts by rapidly penetrating the cell walls of microorganisms and oxidizing key proteins, nucleotides, and fatty acids. Specifically, it targets the sulfhydryl (-SH) groups of enzymes and the nitrogen-hydrogen (N-H) groups of amino acids. This multi-target oxidative stress leads to immediate metabolic inhibition and cell death. It is effective against bacteria (including spores), viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
The onset of action for povidone-iodine is rapid, typically occurring within 15 to 60 seconds of contact. Its duration of effect lasts as long as the golden-brown color is visible on the skin, which signifies the presence of the povidone-iodine complex. Once the color fades, the reservoir of iodine is exhausted. Unlike some other antiseptics, its activity is only minimally reduced by the presence of blood or pus, although heavy organic matter should be cleaned away to ensure optimal contact.
Common questions about First Aid Antiseptic
Povidone-iodine is primarily used as a broad-spectrum antiseptic to prevent and treat infections in minor wounds, cuts, scrapes, and burns. In clinical settings, it is the standard for pre-operative skin preparation to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. It is also used as a surgical hand scrub for healthcare professionals and as an antiseptic gargle for sore throats. Some specialized formulations are used in the eyes before surgery or in the vaginal area for antisepsis. Because it kills bacteria, viruses, and fungi, it is a versatile tool in both home first aid and hospital hygiene.
The most common side effect is temporary golden-brown staining of the skin, which is a normal characteristic of the medication and typically washes off with water. Many users also experience mild, localized skin irritation, such as a brief stinging or burning sensation upon application. In some cases, repeated use can lead to dry or itchy skin at the site of application. While generally well-tolerated, some individuals may develop contact dermatitis, characterized by redness or small bumps. If you experience severe swelling, blistering, or an allergic reaction, you should stop use and contact a doctor immediately.
There are no known direct interactions between topical povidone-iodine and the consumption of alcohol. Since povidone-iodine is applied to the skin and very little is absorbed into the bloodstream under normal conditions, drinking alcohol does not affect how the medication works. However, it is important to note that alcohol can dehydrate the body and skin, which might increase skin sensitivity or irritation in the area where the antiseptic is applied. For the best healing environment, maintain a healthy lifestyle and follow your doctor's advice on wound care. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have concerns about alcohol use and your specific medical treatment.
Povidone-iodine should be used with caution during pregnancy and only under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Iodine can be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes and easily crosses the placenta to reach the developing fetus. The fetal thyroid gland is sensitive to iodine levels, and excessive exposure can lead to temporary thyroid problems or an enlarged thyroid (goiter) in the newborn. While a single application for a minor cut is likely low risk, frequent use or application to large areas should be avoided. Your doctor may recommend alternative antiseptics that do not contain iodine during your pregnancy.
Povidone-iodine works very quickly, typically beginning to kill microorganisms within 15 to 30 seconds of contact. For surgical procedures, healthcare providers usually allow the solution to remain on the skin for at least two minutes to ensure maximum germicidal effect. It is crucial to let the solution air dry completely, as the antiseptic action continues throughout the drying process. The 'free iodine' is released gradually from the povidone complex, providing a sustained effect as long as the brown color remains on the skin. Once the color has faded, the active iodine has been depleted, and reapplication may be necessary if continued antisepsis is required.
Yes, you can stop using povidone-iodine suddenly without experiencing withdrawal symptoms, as it is a topical antiseptic and not a systemic medication that the body becomes dependent on. However, if you are using it to treat an active infection or as part of a post-surgical care plan, stopping too early may allow bacteria to regrow and cause the infection to return or worsen. It is generally recommended to use the product until the wound has closed or as directed by your healthcare provider. If you notice signs of infection like increased redness, heat, or pus after stopping, contact your doctor. Always follow the specific duration of use recommended on the product label or by your clinician.
If you are using povidone-iodine on a regular schedule for wound care and you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled application, it is best to skip the missed dose and simply continue with your regular routine. Do not apply extra solution or ointment to 'make up' for the missed application, as this does not increase efficacy and may increase the risk of skin irritation. Consistency is helpful for preventing infection, but a single missed application is usually not a cause for concern. If you find yourself frequently forgetting doses, consider setting a reminder on your phone or keeping the medication in a visible place.
Povidone-iodine does not directly cause weight gain when used occasionally for minor wounds. However, because iodine affects the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism, excessive systemic absorption of povidone-iodine could theoretically lead to hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid). Hypothyroidism is known to cause symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance. This is extremely rare with normal topical use and is typically only a concern when the product is used over very large areas, on mucous membranes for long periods, or in patients with existing thyroid disease. If you experience unexplained weight gain while using iodine-based products, you should discuss this with your healthcare provider.
Povidone-iodine can interact with certain other topical medications and should be used carefully. It should never be used at the same time as products containing mercury, as this can create a caustic substance that burns the skin. It also interacts with hydrogen peroxide and certain enzymatic wound cleansers, which can make both products less effective. If you are taking lithium for a mental health condition, be aware that absorbed iodine can increase the risk of thyroid side effects. Always inform your doctor or pharmacist about all the creams, ointments, and oral medications you are using to ensure there are no dangerous interactions.
Yes, povidone-iodine is widely available as a generic medication and is sold under many different brand names, the most famous being Betadine. Generic versions are required by the FDA to have the same quality, strength, and purity as the brand-name versions. You can find generic povidone-iodine in various forms, including solutions, ointments, and sprays, at most pharmacies and grocery stores. Choosing a generic version is typically more cost-effective while providing the same antiseptic benefits. When purchasing, check the active ingredient list to ensure it contains povidone-iodine at the concentration recommended by your healthcare provider.
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Povidone-iodine)
Rare but documented side effects include:
> Warning: Stop using Povidone-iodine and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these serious symptoms:
Povidone-iodine is generally not intended for long-term chronic use (exceeding 7-10 days). Prolonged use over large surface areas can lead to:
No FDA black box warnings for Povidone-iodine. However, the FDA requires specific labeling regarding its use as a pre-operative skin preparation, emphasizing that the solution must be allowed to dry completely and must not be allowed to pool, particularly in skin folds, to prevent skin irritation or burns.
Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.
Patients with a history of thyroid disorders, including Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, are at increased risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. The 'Wolff-Chaikoff effect' (where high iodine levels shut down thyroid hormone production) or the 'Jod-Basedow phenomenon' (where high iodine levels trigger hyperthyroidism) can occur with systemic absorption.
Application to large areas of broken skin can lead to significant systemic absorption of iodine. This can result in metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia (high sodium levels), and impaired renal function. Use in these scenarios must be strictly supervised by a clinical team.
Standard 10% povidone-iodine solutions are highly irritating to the eyes and can cause corneal damage. Furthermore, povidone-iodine is ototoxic (toxic to the ear) and should not be used in the middle ear if the tympanic membrane (eardrum) is perforated, as it can lead to permanent hearing loss.
For standard, short-term use on minor wounds, no specific lab monitoring is required. However, for patients receiving long-term treatment or treatment over large areas, healthcare providers may monitor:
Topical povidone-iodine does not typically affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if an allergic reaction occurs, dizziness or blurred vision may impair these activities.
There are no known direct interactions between topical povidone-iodine and alcohol consumption. However, alcohol can dehydrate the skin and may increase the risk of irritation if applied to the same area as the antiseptic.
Povidone-iodine can generally be stopped abruptly without a tapering schedule. There is no known withdrawal syndrome associated with its topical use. If being used for a specific infection, ensure the course of treatment recommended by a doctor is completed to prevent the recurrence of the infection.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions with your healthcare provider before starting Povidone-iodine.
There are no known food interactions with topically applied povidone-iodine. Diet does not affect the efficacy or safety of this medication when used as directed on the skin.
Povidone-iodine can interfere with several diagnostic tests:
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Healthcare providers will perform a careful risk-benefit analysis in these cases:
While often confused, a 'shellfish allergy' is not a contraindication to povidone-iodine. Shellfish allergies are typically caused by proteins like tropomyosin. However, patients who have had a reaction to contrast media (used in X-rays or CT scans) may have a higher statistical likelihood of being sensitive to other iodine-containing products and should be monitored closely.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history before prescribing Povidone-iodine.
In elderly patients, the primary concerns are skin integrity and renal function. Aging skin is thinner and more prone to chemical irritation or breakdown from the detergents found in surgical scrubs. Additionally, because renal function naturally declines with age, the risk of iodine accumulation is higher if systemic absorption occurs. Healthcare providers often advise gentle application and thorough rinsing for geriatric patients.
In patients with a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73m², the use of povidone-iodine on large open wounds is generally avoided. The kidneys are the primary route for the excretion of absorbed iodide. Failure to clear iodine can lead to high serum levels, resulting in metabolic acidosis (low blood pH) and further renal damage. For minor, localized cuts, the risk is minimal, but medical supervision is advised.
There are no specific guidelines for povidone-iodine use based on Child-Pugh classification. Since the liver is not the primary site of iodine metabolism or povidone clearance, hepatic impairment does not significantly alter the drug's profile. However, patients with advanced liver disease often have associated renal issues (hepatorenal syndrome), which would then necessitate caution.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment.
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | Negligible (Intact Skin); High (Mucous Membranes/Burns) |
| Protein Binding | Low (Inorganic Iodide); High (Thyroid Globulins) |
| Half-life | ~2-6 hours (Systemic Iodine) |
| Tmax | 1-2 hours (after application to mucous membranes) |
| Metabolism | None (Povidone); Incorporated into thyroid hormones (Iodine) |
| Excretion | Renal (>90%), Fecal (trace), Sweat/Saliva (trace) |
Povidone-iodine is classified as an Antiseptic and Disinfectant. Within this broad category, it is specifically an Iodophore. Related medications in the same therapeutic class include chlorhexidine gluconate, isopropyl alcohol, and benzalkonium chloride. Compared to these, povidone-iodine offers a broader spectrum of activity, particularly against viruses and fungal spores.