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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Magnesium Citrate
Brand Name
Magnesium Citrate
Generic Name
Magnesium Citrate
Active Ingredient
MagnesiumCategory
Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]
Salt Form
Citrate
Variants
19
Different strengths and dosage forms
| Strength | Form | Route | NDC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 46122-741 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 0363-0415 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 79481-0034 |
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for Magnesium Citrate, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 30142-164 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 0363-0427 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 79481-0033 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 79481-0032 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 82568-0051 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 63941-162 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 70677-1111 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 46122-740 |
| 1.745 g/29.6mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 0363-0416 |
+ 7 more variants
Detailed information about Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium citrate is a saline osmotic laxative and essential mineral supplement used to treat occasional constipation and prepare the bowel for medical procedures. It belongs to the magnesium ion and osmotic laxative drug classes.
For the treatment of occasional constipation, the typical adult dosage for Magnesium Citrate oral solution is 195 mL to 300 mL (approximately 6.5 to 10 fluid ounces) taken as a single daily dose or in divided doses. When used for bowel preparation, healthcare providers may prescribe a specific regimen that involves consuming the entire 10 oz bottle followed by a significant amount of clear liquids.
Magnesium Citrate should be used with extreme caution in patients with kidney disease. Because the kidneys are responsible for excreting magnesium, impaired function can lead to toxic accumulation (hypermagnesemia). A healthcare provider may recommend a significantly lower dose or an alternative medication.
No specific dosage adjustments are typically required for patients with liver disease, as magnesium is not metabolized by the liver.
Older adults are at a higher risk for electrolyte imbalances and dehydration. Healthcare providers often recommend starting at the lower end of the dosing range and ensuring adequate fluid intake.
Magnesium Citrate should be taken on an empty stomach for maximum effect, though it can be taken with food if stomach upset occurs. It is critical to drink at least one full 8-ounce glass of water or other liquid with each dose to prevent dehydration and ensure the osmotic effect works correctly. For the oral solution, chilling the liquid can improve the taste. Do not use this medication for more than 7 consecutive days unless instructed by a doctor.
Since Magnesium Citrate is often taken on an 'as-needed' basis for constipation, a missed dose is generally not a concern. If you are on a scheduled regimen and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Signs of a magnesium overdose (hypermagnesemia) include extreme muscle weakness, lethargy, confusion, slowed heart rate (bradycardia), and dangerously low blood pressure. In severe cases, respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest can occur. If an overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical attention or contact a Poison Control Center immediately.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions. Do not adjust your dose without medical guidance.
The most frequent side effects associated with Magnesium Citrate involve the gastrointestinal system. Patients commonly report:
Magnesium Citrate is intended for short-term use only. Patients should not use laxative products for longer than one week unless directed by a doctor. If you notice a sudden change in bowel habits that lasts over two weeks, consult a healthcare provider before using this product.
No FDA black box warnings for Magnesium.
There are few absolute contraindications, but Magnesium Citrate should not be taken within 2 hours of Sodium Phosphate laxatives, as this combination significantly increases the risk of acute phosphate nephropathy (severe kidney damage).
Magnesium Citrate must NEVER be used in the following conditions:
Conditions requiring careful risk-benefit analysis include:
Magnesium Citrate is generally classified as FDA Pregnancy Category B. This means animal studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus, and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. While it is often used for short-term constipation during pregnancy, it should only be used under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider, especially during the third trimester, as magnesium can affect uterine contractions.
Magnesium is a natural component of breast milk. Oral magnesium citrate is considered compatible with breastfeeding when used in standard doses. It is unlikely to cause adverse effects in the nursing infant, though mothers should monitor the infant for any changes in stool consistency.
Magnesium Citrate is approved for use in children as young as 6 years old. It is not recommended for infants or toddlers unless specifically prescribed by a pediatric specialist, as they are at a much higher risk for rapid dehydration and electrolyte shifts.
Magnesium Citrate is a saline osmotic laxative. Its primary molecular mechanism involves the creation of an osmotic gradient in the intestinal lumen. Because the magnesium ion is poorly absorbed, it retains water within the colon. This increased water volume distends the colon, which activates stretch receptors and triggers the defecation reflex. Additionally, magnesium ions may stimulate the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and other secretagogues that increase intestinal motility.
The onset of action for Magnesium Citrate is typically 0.5 to 6 hours. The effect is dose-dependent; higher doses produce more liquid stools and faster onset. It does not typically cause long-term changes in bowel function if used occasionally.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | 15% - 30% (systemic) |
Common questions about Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium, specifically in the form of Magnesium Citrate, is primarily used as a saline laxative to treat occasional constipation or to clear the bowels before a medical procedure. It works by drawing water into the intestines, which softens the stool and stimulates a bowel movement. Healthcare providers may also recommend other forms of magnesium as a dietary supplement to treat low magnesium levels in the blood. It is a rapid-acting solution that typically produces results within a few hours. Always consult your doctor to ensure it is the appropriate choice for your specific gastrointestinal needs.
The most common side effects of Magnesium Citrate include abdominal cramping, gas, bloating, and nausea. Because it is an osmotic laxative, it is designed to cause loose or watery stools, which some patients may find uncomfortable. These symptoms are generally temporary and should resolve once the medication has cleared your system. However, if you experience severe pain or persistent vomiting, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately. Staying hydrated can help mitigate some of the minor discomfort associated with the medication's effects.
It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol while taking Magnesium Citrate, especially when using it for bowel preparation. Alcohol is a diuretic and can increase the risk of dehydration, which is already a concern when using an osmotic laxative. Combining the two can also lead to more significant electrolyte imbalances and may increase feelings of dizziness or lightheadedness. If you are using magnesium as a daily supplement, moderate alcohol intake may be permissible, but you should discuss this with your doctor. Always prioritize water and electrolyte-rich fluids while using laxative products.
Magnesium Citrate is generally considered safe for short-term use during pregnancy when used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is categorized as FDA Category B, meaning there is no evidence of harm in animal studies, though human data is limited. Many doctors suggest it for pregnancy-related constipation when fiber and fluid increases are insufficient. However, because magnesium can affect muscle contractions, it should be used cautiously, particularly as you approach your due date. Never start a new medication while pregnant without first consulting your obstetrician.
Magnesium Citrate is a relatively fast-acting laxative, with most people experiencing a bowel movement within 30 minutes to 6 hours after ingestion. The exact timing can depend on the dosage taken, the amount of water consumed with the dose, and the individual's metabolic rate. Because the effects can be quite powerful and sudden, it is best to stay near a restroom after taking it. If you do not have a bowel movement within 6 to 8 hours, you should contact your doctor, as this could indicate a more serious blockage. Ensure you drink plenty of water to help the medication work effectively.
Yes, Magnesium Citrate can be stopped suddenly without the risk of traditional withdrawal symptoms, as it is not an addictive substance. However, if you have been using it frequently or for an extended period, your body may have become reliant on it for bowel movements. This can lead to 'rebound constipation' where your symptoms return or worsen temporarily after you stop. To avoid this, healthcare providers recommend using laxatives only for short-term relief. If you struggle with chronic constipation, talk to your doctor about long-term strategies like diet and lifestyle changes.
If you are taking Magnesium Citrate for occasional constipation, you can simply take the dose when you remember, provided you still need the relief. If you are taking it as part of a specific bowel prep schedule for a medical procedure, you should contact your doctor's office immediately for instructions on how to adjust your timing. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed one, as this can lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration. For daily magnesium supplements, just skip the missed dose and resume your normal schedule the next day. Consistency is less critical for laxative use than for other types of medication.
Magnesium Citrate does not cause weight gain; in fact, it may cause a temporary decrease in weight due to the loss of stool and fluids. This is not true weight loss (fat loss) and will be reversed once you rehydrate and resume normal eating habits. Some people mistakenly use laxatives for weight management, which is dangerous and can lead to severe health complications like organ damage. Magnesium is an essential nutrient that supports metabolism, but it does not have a direct effect on body fat storage. If you notice unusual weight changes, discuss them with your healthcare provider.
Magnesium can interact with several other medications, so it is important to space out your doses. It can bind to certain antibiotics, like tetracyclines and quinolones, preventing them from being absorbed by your body. It may also interfere with blood pressure medications, bone density drugs (bisphosphonates), and thyroid hormones. Generally, you should take other medications at least 2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after taking Magnesium Citrate. Always provide your doctor or pharmacist with a full list of your current medications to check for potential interactions.
Yes, Magnesium Citrate is widely available as a generic medication and is often sold under various store brands or as 'Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution.' Generic versions are required by the FDA to have the same active ingredient and strength as brand-name versions, making them just as effective. They are typically much less expensive than brand-name alternatives. You can find generic Magnesium Citrate over-the-counter at most pharmacies and grocery stores. If your doctor has prescribed a specific formulation, check with your pharmacist to see if a generic equivalent is available for you.
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Magnesium)
> Warning: Stop taking Magnesium and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these.
Prolonged or excessive use of Magnesium Citrate can lead to "laxative dependency," where the colon loses its natural ability to move stool. Chronic use can also lead to persistent electrolyte imbalances, particularly low calcium (hypocalcemia) or low potassium (hypokalemia), which can affect heart and muscle function.
No FDA black box warnings currently exist for Magnesium Citrate. However, the FDA requires a general warning for all saline laxatives regarding the risk of serious kidney and heart injury if taken in excess or by high-risk individuals.
Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.
For short-term use, routine lab monitoring is generally not required for healthy individuals. However, for those with chronic conditions or those using it for bowel prep, healthcare providers may monitor:
Magnesium Citrate does not typically cause impairment; however, the urgency and frequency of bowel movements may make driving or operating machinery impractical for several hours after a dose.
Alcohol can increase the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance when taken with Magnesium Citrate. It is generally advised to avoid alcohol while using this medication for bowel cleansing.
There is no requirement to taper Magnesium Citrate. However, if you have been using it frequently, you may experience temporary constipation (rebound effect) upon discontinuation as the bowel adjusts.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions with your healthcare provider before starting Magnesium.
There are no major food interactions; however, a high-fiber diet is recommended alongside magnesium use to help maintain natural bowel regularity. Avoid excessive dairy intake at the exact time of dosing, as high calcium levels can compete with magnesium for absorption.
Magnesium Citrate may interfere with the results of certain imaging tests that use contrast dyes. It can also cause transient elevations in serum magnesium levels and decreases in serum calcium or potassium during lab blood draws.
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the oral solution (such as specific flavorings or preservatives like sodium benzoate) should avoid those specific formulations.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history before prescribing Magnesium.
Patients over age 65 should use Magnesium Citrate with caution. The risk of renal impairment is higher in this population, and the diuretic effect of the laxative can lead to orthostatic hypotension (dizziness upon standing), increasing the risk of falls.
Magnesium Citrate is contraindicated in patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min. For those with mild to moderate impairment, doses should be reduced, and serum magnesium levels should be monitored closely.
No dosage adjustments are required for patients with liver disease, although these patients should be monitored for overall fluid and electrolyte balance.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment.
| Half-life | Variable (Renally regulated) |
| Tmax | 1 - 2 hours (for serum levels) |
| Metabolism | None (Inorganic element) |
| Excretion | Renal (absorbed portion); Fecal (unabsorbed) |
Magnesium Citrate is classified as a Saline Laxative and a Magnesium Ion [EPC]. Related medications include Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) and Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt).