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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Brand Name
Muro 128
Generic Name
Sodium Chloride
Active Ingredient
SodiumCategory
Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]
Salt Form
Chloride
Variants
3
References used for this content
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for Muro 128, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Detailed information about Muro 128
Sodium, primarily utilized as Sodium Chloride, is an essential electrolyte and osmotic agent. It is used for fluid replacement, sodium depletion, and as a pharmaceutical vehicle for various drug classes, including allergenic extracts and cardiovascular agents.
Dosage for Sodium is highly individualized based on the patient's age, weight, and clinical condition (e.g., degree of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance).
Sodium is approved for use in children, but dosing must be calculated with extreme precision by a pediatrician.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) require significant dose reductions. The kidneys may be unable to excrete excess sodium, leading to fluid overload and hypertension.
In patients with cirrhosis or liver failure, sodium intake is often severely restricted (e.g., <2,000 mg/day) to prevent ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen) and edema.
Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for fluid overload and heart failure. Providers typically start with the lowest effective dose and monitor lung sounds and edema frequently.
If you are taking oral sodium supplements and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Signs of sodium overdose (hypernatremia) include extreme thirst, confusion, agitation, muscle twitching, and seizures. In severe cases, it can lead to cerebral hemorrhage or coma. In case of suspected overdose, seek emergency medical attention or contact a Poison Control Center immediately.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions. Do not adjust your dose or dietary salt intake without medical guidance.
When administered as a clinical treatment, common side effects often relate to fluid shifts:
Sodium is a potent bioactive electrolyte. While essential for life, improper administration can lead to life-threatening fluid and electrolyte shifts. It must be used with extreme caution in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular or renal conditions.
No FDA black box warnings for Sodium (as Sodium Chloride).
There are few absolute contraindications for sodium itself, as it is a natural body constituent. However, Hypertonic Saline (3% or 5%) is contraindicated in patients with high or normal sodium levels, as it can cause fatal hypernatremia.
Sodium (as Sodium Chloride) should NEVER be used in the following circumstances:
Healthcare providers must perform a careful risk-benefit analysis in patients with:
Sodium Chloride is generally considered safe during pregnancy when used for fluid replacement (FDA Category C/Generic). However, excessive sodium intake is linked to gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. A 2023 study published in the Journal of Hypertension suggests that monitoring sodium-to-potassium ratios is vital for maternal-fetal health.
Sodium is a natural component of breast milk. Standard clinical use of sodium chloride does not pose a risk to the nursing infant. However, maternal hypernatremia could theoretically affect milk composition, so electrolyte balance should be maintained.
Sodium is approved for all pediatric age groups, including neonates. It is vital for treating pediatric dehydration (e.g., from viral gastroenteritis). Pediatric patients are more sensitive to fluid shifts; thus, weight-based dosing is mandatory.
Sodium acts as the primary osmotic agent in the extracellular fluid. By interacting with the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, it maintains the electrical potential across cell membranes. This is essential for the function of voltage-gated channels in neurons and myocytes. In its role as a Phosphate Chelating Activity [MoA] or Acidifying Activity [MoA] in specific compounds, it helps regulate pH and mineral balance.
Common questions about Muro 128
Sodium, typically administered as Sodium Chloride, is primarily used to restore fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Healthcare providers prescribe it to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium) and dehydration caused by excessive sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting. It also serves as a critical intravenous fluid for patients in the hospital to maintain blood pressure and deliver other medications. Additionally, it is used in nasal sprays and eye drops to relieve dryness and irritation. In some cases, it is used as a diagnostic tool or as part of allergenic extract testing.
The most common side effects of clinical sodium use include fluid retention, which can manifest as swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, or hands. Some patients may experience increased thirst, a dry mouth, or a slight increase in blood pressure as the body adjusts to the salt load. If taken in tablet form, it may cause mild stomach upset or nausea in some individuals. When given intravenously, redness or irritation at the injection site is possible. Most of these effects are manageable, but persistent swelling should be reported to a doctor.
It is generally advised to limit or avoid alcohol while undergoing treatment with sodium supplements or IV therapy. Alcohol acts as a diuretic, which causes the kidneys to excrete more water and can disrupt the electrolyte balance your doctor is trying to correct. This can lead to dehydration or worsen the symptoms of the condition being treated. Furthermore, alcohol can interfere with the medications often prescribed alongside sodium, such as blood pressure drugs. Always consult your healthcare provider about your alcohol consumption during treatment.
Sodium is an essential nutrient and is generally safe during pregnancy when used appropriately under medical supervision for hydration or electrolyte correction. However, excessive sodium intake is a known risk factor for developing high blood pressure and preeclampsia, which can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. Doctors typically monitor salt intake closely in pregnant women to ensure it stays within a healthy range. If you are pregnant, do not start sodium supplements without a direct recommendation from your obstetrician. They will determine the safest dose based on your specific health needs.
The time it takes for sodium to work depends on how it is administered. When given intravenously (IV), the effects on blood volume and electrolyte levels are almost immediate, making it ideal for emergency situations. Oral sodium tablets generally take between 30 to 60 minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream. For chronic conditions like salt-wasting syndromes, it may take several days of consistent dosing to stabilize blood levels. Your healthcare provider will use blood tests to monitor how quickly your levels are responding to the treatment.
You should not stop taking prescribed sodium supplements suddenly without first consulting your healthcare provider. If you are taking them for a specific medical condition, such as Addison's disease or a kidney disorder, stopping abruptly could cause your sodium levels to drop dangerously low. This can lead to symptoms like severe dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and even seizures. Your doctor will likely monitor your blood levels and may suggest a gradual change in your diet or dosage if the supplement is no longer needed. Always follow the specific discontinuation plan provided by your medical team.
If you miss a dose of an oral sodium supplement, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose, it is better to skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Never take two doses at once to make up for a missed one, as this can cause a sudden spike in sodium levels and lead to side effects like high blood pressure or swelling. If you are receiving sodium through an IV and a treatment is delayed, contact your healthcare provider immediately for instructions. Consistency is key to maintaining stable electrolyte levels.
Sodium can cause a rapid increase in 'water weight' because sodium attracts and holds onto water in the bloodstream and tissues. This is not the same as gaining body fat, but it can cause the scale to go up by several pounds in a short period. This fluid retention often manifests as bloating or swelling in the extremities. While this is often temporary, sudden and significant weight gain (more than 2-3 pounds in a day) can be a sign of fluid overload or heart failure. If you notice rapid weight changes while taking sodium, notify your doctor immediately.
Sodium can interact with several other medications, so a full review of your drug list by a pharmacist or doctor is essential. A major interaction exists with Lithium; changes in sodium intake can cause lithium levels to become either toxic or ineffective. Corticosteroids like prednisone can cause the body to retain even more sodium, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and swelling. Diuretics, or 'water pills,' are often used to remove sodium, so taking a supplement might counteract their purpose. Always disclose all over-the-counter and prescription drugs you are using to your healthcare provider.
Yes, Sodium (specifically as Sodium Chloride) is widely available as a generic medication and is considered an essential medicine by the World Health Organization. Generic versions are available in various forms, including oral tablets, sterile IV solutions, and nasal sprays. These generic versions are therapeutically equivalent to brand-name products but are typically much more cost-effective. Because it is a fundamental electrolyte, it is stocked in almost every pharmacy and hospital worldwide. Your healthcare provider will prescribe the specific concentration and form that is most appropriate for your clinical needs.
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Sodium)
> Warning: Stop taking Sodium and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these:
Prolonged high intake of sodium is clinically linked to chronic hypertension, which increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. It may also lead to bone density loss (osteoporosis) as the kidneys excrete calcium along with excess sodium.
No FDA black box warnings exist for standard Sodium Chloride (0.9%) solutions. However, specific sodium-containing drugs (e.g., Sodium Oxybate) carry black box warnings for central nervous system depression and potential for abuse. Always check the specific labeling for the brand-name medication prescribed.
Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.
Patients receiving clinical sodium therapy require regular monitoring of:
Standard sodium replacement does not typically affect the ability to drive. However, if you experience dizziness or confusion due to an electrolyte imbalance, avoid these activities until cleared by a doctor.
Alcohol is a diuretic and can interfere with the body's ability to regulate sodium and water. Combining alcohol with sodium therapy may increase the risk of dehydration or unpredictable electrolyte shifts.
Do not stop taking prescribed sodium supplements abruptly, especially if they are being used to treat a chronic salt-wasting condition. Tapering is generally not required for sodium itself, but the underlying condition must be managed.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions with your healthcare provider before starting Sodium.
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
While true allergy to the sodium ion is impossible (as it is essential for life), patients may be sensitive to preservatives (like benzyl alcohol) or latex components in the IV bag or tubing used to deliver the sodium.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history before prescribing Sodium.
Patients over 65 are at a significantly higher risk for hyponatremia (often due to diuretic use) and fluid overload (due to age-related declines in heart and kidney function). Monitoring should be more frequent in this population.
In patients with a GFR < 30 mL/min, sodium must be used with extreme caution. These patients are unable to effectively clear a sodium load, which can lead to rapid-onset hypertension and life-threatening pulmonary edema.
Patients with Child-Pugh Class B or C cirrhosis typically require a low-sodium diet (<2g/day) and should avoid sodium supplements or saline IVs unless absolutely necessary for acute resuscitation, as it triggers ascites formation.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | ~100% (Oral/IV) |
| Protein Binding | Negligible (0%) |
| Half-life | Variable (Renally regulated) |
| Tmax | 0.5 - 1 hour (Oral) |
| Metabolism | None (Inorganic ion) |
| Excretion | Renal (>95%), Sweat, Feces |
Sodium is classified as an Electrolyte Replacement Agent. It is also categorized under various EPCs (Established Pharmacologic Classes) when it serves as a salt for other drugs, such as Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC] or Androgen [EPC].