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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Brand Name
Progesterone
Generic Name
Progesterone
Active Ingredient
ProgesteroneCategory
Progesterone [EPC]
Variants
74
Different strengths and dosage forms
| Strength | Form | Route | NDC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 68788-8296 |
| 200 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 69452-149 |
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 70518-4552 |
References used for this content
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for Progesterone, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
| 200 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 0054-0830 |
| 200 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 71205-669 |
| 200 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 71335-1406 |
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 72189-654 |
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 76420-582 |
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 50090-6835 |
| 15 [hp_X]/mL | LIQUID | ORAL | 55714-9004 |
| 200 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 68071-3953 |
| 100 mg/1 | CAPSULE | ORAL | 70518-2560 |
+ 38 more variants
Detailed information about Progesterone
Progesterone is a naturally occurring steroid hormone and pharmacological progestogen used in hormone replacement therapy, the treatment of amenorrhea, and assisted reproductive technology to support early pregnancy and uterine health.
Dosage for progesterone varies significantly based on the condition being treated and the route of administration. According to clinical guidelines, typical adult dosages include:
Progesterone is generally not indicated for use in pediatric populations before the onset of puberty. It is not approved for use in children who have not reached menarche (the first menstrual period). If used for specific endocrine disorders in adolescents, dosing must be strictly supervised by a pediatric endocrinologist.
Specific dosage adjustments for patients with kidney disease have not been established. However, because progesterone metabolites are primarily excreted through the urine, patients with significant renal impairment should be monitored closely by their healthcare provider for potential accumulation of metabolites.
Progesterone is contraindicated (should not be used) in patients with active liver disease or significantly impaired liver function. The liver is the primary site of progesterone metabolism; impaired function can lead to dangerously high levels of the hormone in the bloodstream.
In women over 65, progesterone use is primarily limited to hormone replacement therapy. Clinical trials like the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) suggest that older women may face higher risks of cardiovascular events or dementia when using hormone therapy. Healthcare providers typically use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible.
To ensure maximum safety and efficacy, follow these specific instructions:
If you miss a dose of progesterone, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular schedule. Do not 'double up' or take two doses at once to make up for a missed one. Frequent missed doses in pregnancy support can be serious; contact your fertility clinic immediately if you miss more than one dose.
Signs of a progesterone overdose may include extreme dizziness, severe somnolence (sleepiness), nausea, or vomiting. In the event of a suspected overdose, contact your local poison control center or seek emergency medical attention immediately. While progesterone has a relatively low acute toxicity, excessive levels can cause profound central nervous system depression.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions precisely. Do not adjust your dose or stop taking the medication without medical guidance, especially during pregnancy.
Most patients taking progesterone will experience some degree of side effects, particularly when starting therapy. Common reactions include:
Progesterone is a potent hormone that affects multiple organ systems. It is essential to disclose your full medical history to your doctor before beginning treatment. Progesterone can mask the symptoms of the onset of menopause or other underlying gynecological conditions. It should only be used for the specific indications for which it was prescribed.
As noted in the side effects section, the FDA requires a boxed warning for progesterone products used in hormone replacement therapy. This warning emphasizes that progestogens should not be used to prevent heart disease or dementia and highlights the increased risk of stroke, blood clots, and breast cancer when used with estrogen. The lowest effective dose should be used for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals.
While few drugs are strictly contraindicated, certain combinations are avoided due to extreme risks:
Progesterone must NEVER be used in the following circumstances:
Progesterone is unique in that it is both a hormone of pregnancy and a medication used to support it.
Progesterone is excreted in human breast milk. While small amounts are unlikely to harm a nursing infant, high doses of exogenous progesterone could potentially interfere with the quality or quantity of milk production. If you are breastfeeding, discuss the timing and necessity of progesterone therapy with your doctor.
Progesterone is a genomic acting hormone. It diffuses into cells and binds to the Progesterone Receptor (PR), which exists in two main isoforms: PR-A and PR-B. Upon binding, the receptor dissociates from heat-shock proteins, dimerizes, and moves into the nucleus. There, it binds to Progesterone Response Elements (PREs) on the DNA. This action recruits co-activators or co-repressors to the promoter region of target genes, thereby regulating the expression of mRNA and subsequent protein synthesis.
In addition to these 'slow' genomic effects, progesterone also exerts 'fast' non-genomic effects by interacting with membrane-bound receptors (mPRs) and GABA-A receptors in the brain. The interaction with GABA-A receptors is responsible for its rapid sedative and anesthetic-like effects.
The primary pharmacodynamic effect is the induction of secretory changes in the estrogen-primed endometrium. It also decreases the frequency of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) pulses from the hypothalamus, which can inhibit ovulation at high doses. In the breasts, it promotes the development of acinar and lobular tissue.
Common questions about Progesterone
Progesterone is primarily used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women to prevent the overgrowth of the uterine lining caused by estrogen. It is also used to treat secondary amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstrual periods in women who have previously menstruated. In the field of fertility, it is frequently prescribed to support embryo implantation and maintain early pregnancy during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatments. Additionally, it may be used to reduce the risk of preterm birth in certain high-risk pregnancies. Always use progesterone only for the specific condition your doctor has diagnosed.
The most common side effects of progesterone include drowsiness, dizziness, breast tenderness, and bloating. Many women also report headaches and mood swings, such as irritability or feeling mildly depressed, especially when first starting the medication. Because it can cause significant sleepiness, oral progesterone is usually taken at bedtime. Vaginal forms of the medication may cause local irritation or a white discharge. Most of these symptoms are mild and tend to improve as the body adjusts to the hormone levels.
It is generally advised to avoid or strictly limit alcohol consumption while taking progesterone. Alcohol can significantly increase the sedative effects of the hormone, leading to extreme drowsiness, impaired coordination, and an increased risk of falls. This interaction is particularly pronounced with oral micronized progesterone. If you do choose to drink, do so in very small amounts and ensure you are in a safe environment where you do not need to drive. Always consult your healthcare provider about how alcohol may specifically interact with your treatment plan.
Progesterone is considered safe and is often essential when used specifically for fertility support or to prevent preterm labor under a doctor's supervision. It is the same hormone the body naturally produces to maintain a pregnancy. However, it is not used for other conditions, such as hormone replacement therapy, during pregnancy. While most evidence suggests it does not cause birth defects, it should only be used when medically necessary. Your obstetrician or fertility specialist will monitor your use of progesterone closely to ensure the safety of both you and the developing fetus.
The time it takes for progesterone to work depends on the condition being treated. For secondary amenorrhea, a withdrawal bleed usually occurs within 2 to 7 days after completing a 10-day course of the medication. For hormone replacement therapy, the protective effects on the uterine lining begin with the first dose, though it may take a few cycles to establish a regular pattern. In fertility treatments, progesterone begins supporting the uterine environment within hours of the first vaginal or injected dose. Your doctor will use blood tests or ultrasounds to monitor its effectiveness.
You should never stop taking progesterone suddenly without consulting your doctor, especially if you are using it to support a pregnancy or as part of hormone replacement therapy. In pregnancy, stopping too early can lead to a miscarriage or preterm labor. In other cases, sudden discontinuation can cause 'withdrawal bleeding,' which is a shedding of the uterine lining. If you need to stop the medication, your doctor will provide a schedule or explain what to expect. Always follow the prescribed course to ensure the safety of your treatment.
If you miss a dose of progesterone, take it as soon as you remember. If it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular timing. Do not take two doses at once to make up for the one you missed, as this can increase the risk of side effects like extreme dizziness. If you are using progesterone for pregnancy support and miss multiple doses, contact your fertility clinic or obstetrician immediately for guidance. Consistency is vital for maintaining the necessary hormone levels in the body.
Some women report weight gain while taking progesterone, but this is often due to water retention and bloating rather than an increase in body fat. Progesterone can cause the body to hold onto sodium and water, leading to a 'puffy' feeling. Additionally, some users may experience an increase in appetite due to hormonal shifts. While significant, rapid weight gain is not common, it is important to monitor your weight and discuss any concerns with your doctor. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise can help manage these symptoms.
Progesterone can interact with several other medications, so it is vital to provide your doctor with a full list of everything you take. Specifically, drugs that affect liver enzymes, such as certain anti-seizure medications (carbamazepine) or antibiotics (rifampin), can make progesterone less effective. Conversely, some antifungal medications can increase progesterone levels in the blood. It may also affect how your body responds to insulin or blood thinners. Your healthcare provider will check for these interactions to ensure your medications are safe to take together.
Yes, progesterone is available as a generic medication, particularly in the form of micronized oral capsules. Generic versions are typically more cost-effective than brand-name versions like Prometrium. Vaginal inserts and gels may also have generic equivalents, though availability can vary by region. Generic medications are required by the FDA to have the same active ingredient, strength, and dosage form as the brand-name product. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor to see if a generic version of progesterone is appropriate and available for your specific prescription.
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Progesterone)
> Warning: Stop taking Progesterone and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. They may indicate a life-threatening condition.
When used for years, particularly in combination with estrogen for postmenopausal therapy, progesterone is associated with specific long-term considerations:
Progesterone, when used in combination with estrogens, carries FDA-mandated 'Black Box Warnings' (the highest level of warning):
Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider immediately. Regular follow-ups and screenings (like mammograms) are essential during long-term therapy.
While taking progesterone, your healthcare provider will likely require the following:
Progesterone, particularly the oral micronized form, can cause significant somnolence (sleepiness) and dizziness. It is highly recommended to take oral progesterone at bedtime. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or engage in hazardous activities until you know how the medication affects you. The sedative effect is often most pronounced during the first few days of treatment.
Alcohol can potentiate the sedative effects of progesterone. Consuming alcohol while taking progesterone may lead to extreme drowsiness and an increased risk of falls or accidents. It is generally advised to limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication.
Stopping progesterone suddenly is generally not associated with a dangerous 'withdrawal syndrome' like that of benzodiazepines, but it can cause immediate 'withdrawal bleeding' (similar to a period) as the uterine lining is no longer supported. In pregnancy support, stopping progesterone prematurely can lead to pregnancy loss. Always consult your doctor before stopping the medication.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions, including any history of blood clots, liver disease, or cancer, with your healthcare provider before starting Progesterone.
Progesterone can affect the results of several laboratory tests, including:
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Even 'natural' products can have significant interactions with hormone therapy.
These conditions require a careful risk-benefit analysis by a physician:
Patients who are sensitive to other progestogens (like medroxyprogesterone or norethindrone) may also react to progesterone, though natural progesterone is often better tolerated than synthetic versions. Patients with a history of 'pregnancy herpes' (pemphigoid gestationis) or jaundice during pregnancy should use progesterone with extreme caution.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history before prescribing Progesterone. Never share this medication with others.
Progesterone is not approved for use in children before the onset of puberty. Its use in adolescents is limited to specific cases of secondary amenorrhea or hormonal imbalances and must be managed by an endocrinologist to ensure it does not interfere with normal growth and development.
In women over 65, the primary concern is the increased risk of cardiovascular events and dementia. The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) data suggest that the risks of combination hormone therapy (estrogen + progestogen) may outweigh the benefits for many older women. If used, it should be at the lowest dose for the shortest time, with frequent re-evaluation (every 3-6 months).
There are no specific guidelines for GFR-based (Glomerular Filtration Rate) adjustments. However, since the kidneys excrete the majority of progesterone metabolites, patients with Stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease should be monitored for increased side effects like somnolence or edema.
Progesterone is strictly contraindicated in patients with significant hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B or C). In patients with mild impairment (Class A), it should be used with extreme caution, as the decreased clearance can lead to significantly elevated plasma concentrations and increased risk of serious side effects.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment. Always inform your specialist about your age, pregnancy status, and any organ-related health issues.
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | <10% (Oral, non-micronized); ~10-15% (Oral, micronized with food) |
| Protein Binding | 96% - 99% (Albumin and CBG) |
| Half-life | 5 - 20 minutes (Plasma); 18 - 24 hours (Terminal phase) |
| Tmax | 1 - 3 hours (Oral); 4 - 8 hours (Vaginal) |
| Metabolism | Hepatic (CYP3A4); converted to pregnanediols and pregnanolones |
| Excretion | Renal (50-60%), Fecal (10%) |
Progesterone is classified as a naturally occurring progestogen and a steroid hormone. It is the prototype of the progestogen class. Related medications include synthetic progestins such as Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Norethindrone, and Drospirenone.