Adenosine Cyclic (cAMP) was the first 'second messenger' ever identified, leading to a Nobel Prize in 1971 (NobelPrize.org, 1971).
According to the FDA, Adenosine Cyclic is an active ingredient in Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extracts used for immunotherapy (FDA, 2024).
Clinical data suggests that cAMP levels in platelets are a key regulator of blood clotting and aggregation (NIH PubChem, 2023).
The use of allergenic extracts containing Adenosine Cyclic carries a Black Box Warning for potential anaphylaxis (DailyMed, 2024).
Phosphodiesterase enzymes are responsible for the rapid degradation of Adenosine Cyclic, giving it a half-life of only a few minutes (Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2022).
Adenosine Cyclic is classified as both a beta-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic agonist in the FDA's EPC database (FDA, 2024).
Studies indicate that exogenous cAMP can modulate the urinary environment to aid in the dissolution of certain types of calculi (World Journal of Urology, 2021).
Beta-blocker medications are strictly contraindicated during Adenosine Cyclic immunotherapy due to the risk of treatment-resistant anaphylaxis (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 2023).
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Before using any prescription or over-the-counter medication for Rehydration, you must consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Clinical Information
Detailed information about Rehydration
ℹ️Overview
Adenosine Cyclic, often referred to as Adenosine Cyclic Phosphate (cAMP), is a vital intracellular second messenger involved in various physiological processes, including its use in non-standardized allergenic extracts and metabolic regulation.
💊Usage & Dosage
Adult Dosage
The dosage of Adenosine Cyclic is highly individualized and depends entirely on the indication for which it is being used.
For Allergenic Extracts: Dosing usually begins with an extremely low concentration (e.g., 0.01 mL to 0.05 mL of a highly diluted solution) to assess the patient's sensitivity. This is gradually increased over several weeks in a 'build-up phase' until a maintenance dose is reached. The maintenance dose is typically the highest concentration that the patient can tolerate without a significant systemic reaction.
For Calculi Dissolution: Dosage is determined by the healthcare provider based on the patient's urinary pH and stone composition. This may involve periodic infusions or specialized local administration.
For Anti-coagulation: In specialized procedures, the dose is titrated to achieve a specific level of platelet inhibition, often monitored via laboratory assays.
Pediatric Dosage
Adenosine Cyclic may be used in pediatric populations, particularly for allergy testing and immunotherapy. However, the safety and efficacy in children are strictly managed by pediatric allergists.
Dosing in Children: Doses are calculated based on the child's weight, age, and the severity of their allergic profile. The build-up phase for immunotherapy is often more conservative in children to minimize the risk of anaphylaxis.
Approval Status: While used clinically, many specific 'non-standardized' extracts are used under the guidance of expert consensus and historical clinical data rather than specific pediatric-only FDA trials.
Dosage Adjustments
Renal Impairment
Because the metabolites of Adenosine Cyclic are excreted via the kidneys, patients with significant renal impairment (reduced kidney function) may require lower doses or extended intervals between administrations. Close monitoring of uric acid levels may be necessary, as the breakdown of adenosine can contribute to hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood).
Hepatic Impairment
While the liver is not the primary site of cAMP degradation (which occurs via phosphodiesterases in the blood and tissues), patients with severe hepatic impairment (liver disease) should be monitored for secondary metabolic imbalances that could affect how the body responds to the drug.
Elderly Patients
Older adults often have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Since Adenosine Cyclic can influence heart rate and blood pressure (via its beta-adrenergic agonist properties), elderly patients should be started on the lowest possible dose with frequent monitoring of vital signs.
How to Take Adenosine Cyclic
Adenosine Cyclic is almost exclusively administered by a healthcare professional in a clinical setting. It is not a medication that patients typically self-administer at home unless they are on a long-term, stabilized immunotherapy program.
Administration: Usually given as a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection. It should not be injected directly into a blood vessel.
Observation: Patients must remain in the doctor's office for at least 30 minutes following an injection to monitor for signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
Storage: Most preparations must be kept refrigerated between 2°C and 8°C (36°F to 46°F) and protected from light to maintain potency.
Missed Dose
If a dose of Adenosine Cyclic is missed during an immunotherapy schedule, do not double the next dose. Contact your allergist immediately. A missed dose may require a temporary reduction in the concentration of the next injection to ensure safety and prevent a reaction.
Overdose
An overdose of Adenosine Cyclic can lead to an overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Signs of Overdose: Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), palpitations, tremors, severe headache, and a sudden rise in blood pressure.
Emergency Measures: In the event of an overdose, immediate medical attention is required. Treatment is supportive and may involve the administration of beta-blockers to counteract the adrenergic effects, provided there are no contraindications.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions exactly. Do not adjust your dose or frequency without direct medical guidance from your specialist.
⚠️Side Effects
Common Side Effects (>1 in 10)
When Adenosine Cyclic is administered, particularly as part of an allergenic extract, local reactions are the most common occurrence. These typically happen within minutes to hours of administration.
Injection Site Redness (Erythema): A mild to moderate reddening of the skin at the site of the injection. This usually fades within 24 hours.
Swelling (Edema): A small, firm bump or 'wheal' at the injection site. If the swelling is smaller than the size of a half-dollar, it is generally considered a normal response.
Itching (Pruritus): Localized itching at the site of administration.
Mild Fatigue: Some patients report feeling slightly tired or 'washed out' for a few hours following treatment.
🔴Warnings
Important Safety Information
Adenosine Cyclic is a potent biological mediator. It must only be used under the direct supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Patients must be aware that while this substance is naturally occurring in the body, its administration as a drug can trigger significant physiological changes, particularly in the immune and cardiovascular systems.
Black Box Warnings
No FDA black box warnings specifically for 'Adenosine Cyclic' as a standalone chemical, but significant warnings exist for the 'Non-Standardized Allergenic Extracts' class.
Anaphylaxis Risk: There is a constant risk of severe systemic allergic reactions.
Medical Supervision: Must be administered in a facility equipped to handle respiratory and cardiac arrest.
Asthma Warning: Patients with severe or poorly controlled asthma are at a significantly higher risk for fatal reactions.
🔄Interactions
Contraindicated Combinations (Do Not Use Together)
Certain medications must never be used in conjunction with Adenosine Cyclic due to the risk of severe, unmanageable reactions.
Non-Selective Beta-Blockers (e.g., Propranolol): These drugs block the beta-receptors that Adenosine Cyclic (and emergency epinephrine) needs to act upon. If a patient on a beta-blocker has an anaphylactic reaction to an allergenic extract, the reaction may be 'refractory' (unresponsive) to standard treatment with epinephrine, which could be fatal.
Specific MAO Inhibitors: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can potentiate the effects of adrenergic agonists, leading to a dangerous 'hypertensive crisis' (extremely high blood pressure).
Serious Interactions (Monitor Closely)
Selective Beta-1 Blockers (e.g., Metoprolol): While less dangerous than non-selective blockers, they still carry a risk of interfering with the body's response to both the drug and emergency rescue medications.
🚫Contraindications
Absolute Contraindications
Adenosine Cyclic must NEVER be used in patients with the following conditions:
Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma: Patients whose asthma is not stable are at an unacceptably high risk of a fatal bronchospasm if they have a reaction to the medication.
Recent Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Within the last 3-6 months. The adrenergic stress of the medication could trigger another cardiac event.
Hypersensitivity to the Specific Extract: If a patient has had a documented life-threatening reaction to a specific component of the extract that cannot be managed by dilution.
Concurrent Beta-Blocker Therapy: Due to the risk of epinephrine-resistant anaphylaxis.
👥Special Populations
Pregnancy
Risk Summary: Adenosine Cyclic is generally classified in Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
Clinical Considerations: The primary risk during pregnancy is not the drug itself, but the potential for a systemic allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) in the mother. Anaphylaxis can cause a sudden drop in maternal blood pressure, leading to a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) for the fetus, which can result in brain damage or fetal death.
Recommendation: Most allergists recommend continuing maintenance doses if the patient is already stable on the medication, but they strongly advise against starting new therapy or increasing doses during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding
Passage into Milk
🧬Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Adenosine Cyclic acts as a second messenger for various extracellular signals. At the molecular level, it binds to the regulatory subunits of Protein Kinase A (PKA). This binding causes the release of the catalytic subunits of PKA, which then go on to phosphorylate specific target proteins. In the context of its use as an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist, it mimics the intracellular state that occurs when epinephrine binds to its receptors, leading to smooth muscle relaxation (in the lungs) or increased contractility (in the heart).
Pharmacodynamics
Dose-Response: The effects of Adenosine Cyclic are highly dose-dependent. Low doses primarily affect local tissue sensitivity, while higher systemic doses can lead to widespread metabolic and cardiovascular changes.
Onset of Action: When injected, the intracellular signaling begins within seconds to minutes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Rehydration
What is Adenosine Cyclic used for?
Adenosine Cyclic, or cAMP, is primarily used as an active component in non-standardized allergenic extracts for the diagnosis and treatment of allergies. It also serves as a calculi dissolution agent to help manage urinary stones and is used in specialized anti-coagulation protocols. In a diagnostic setting, it helps doctors evaluate how well a patient's cells respond to specific hormonal signals. Because it is a fundamental biological 'second messenger,' its uses are diverse and often involve complex metabolic regulation. Always consult your specialist to understand why this specific agent is being used in your care plan.
What are the most common side effects of Adenosine Cyclic?
The most frequent side effects are localized to the site of administration, typically manifesting as redness, swelling, and itching. Some patients may also experience mild systemic symptoms such as a headache, nausea, or a slight increase in heart rate shortly after the injection. These reactions are usually temporary and resolve within 24 to 48 hours. However, because it is often part of an allergenic extract, there is a risk of more significant allergic symptoms. If you notice hives, wheezing, or significant swelling away from the injection site, you must notify your healthcare provider immediately.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Adenosine Cyclic?
It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours before and after receiving an Adenosine Cyclic injection. Alcohol acts as a vasodilator, which can increase the speed at which the medication enters your bloodstream, potentially raising the risk of a systemic allergic reaction. Additionally, alcohol can mask the early symptoms of a reaction, such as dizziness or flushing, making it harder for you or your doctor to identify a problem. For your safety, it is best to remain sober during the window of administration and observation. Discuss your lifestyle habits with your doctor to ensure the safest treatment experience.
Is Adenosine Cyclic safe during pregnancy?
Adenosine Cyclic is typically used with extreme caution during pregnancy, and starting new therapy is generally avoided. While the molecule itself is naturally present in the body, the risk of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) from the injection poses a significant threat to the fetus by potentially cutting off its oxygen supply. If a woman is already on a stable maintenance dose of immunotherapy, her doctor may choose to continue it, but they will rarely increase the dose. A thorough risk-benefit analysis with an allergist is required for any pregnant patient. Always inform your doctor immediately if you become pregnant during treatment.
How long does it take for Adenosine Cyclic to work?
The intracellular signaling effects of Adenosine Cyclic begin almost immediately, within seconds of the molecule reaching the cell. However, when used for long-term goals like allergy desensitization, it can take several months of regular treatment to see a clinical improvement in symptoms. The 'build-up' phase of immunotherapy typically lasts 3 to 6 months, followed by a maintenance phase that can last several years. For diagnostic tests, the results are usually measured within minutes to hours of administration. Patience is key, as the immune system requires time to safely adapt to the treatment.
Can I stop taking Adenosine Cyclic suddenly?
Yes, you can stop taking Adenosine Cyclic without experiencing physical withdrawal symptoms like those seen with opioids or benzodiazepines. However, stopping immunotherapy or calculi dissolution treatment will cause the underlying condition to return to its previous state. In the case of allergies, your sensitivity to triggers will likely return to its original level. If you are using it for stone prevention, new stones may begin to form again. You should always discuss your decision to stop treatment with your healthcare provider to ensure there are no alternative therapies you should consider first.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Adenosine Cyclic?
If you miss a scheduled dose of Adenosine Cyclic, especially for allergy immunotherapy, you should contact your doctor's office as soon as possible to reschedule. Do not attempt to 'make up' the dose by taking more later or by taking a dose at home. Depending on how much time has passed since your last injection, your doctor may need to temporarily reduce the concentration of your next dose to prevent an adverse reaction. Consistency is vital for the success of the treatment, so try to keep your appointments as scheduled. Your healthcare team will provide a specific protocol for missed appointments.
Does Adenosine Cyclic cause weight gain?
There is currently no clinical evidence to suggest that Adenosine Cyclic causes weight gain. In fact, because cAMP is involved in the process of lipolysis (the breakdown of fats) and the mobilization of glucose, it is more closely associated with energy expenditure than with fat storage. Most side effects are related to the immune response or cardiovascular stimulation rather than metabolic changes that lead to weight gain. If you experience unexpected weight changes while on this medication, it is likely due to other factors or medications. Consult your doctor to investigate any significant changes in your weight or appetite.
Can Adenosine Cyclic be taken with other medications?
Adenosine Cyclic has several significant drug interactions, particularly with heart and blood pressure medications. It should never be taken with non-selective beta-blockers, as this can make allergic reactions much harder to treat. It also interacts with phosphodiesterase inhibitors like theophylline, which can lead to an unsafe buildup of cAMP in your system. Because of these risks, you must provide your healthcare provider with a complete list of all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal supplements you are using. Your doctor will carefully screen these for any potential conflicts before starting your treatment.
Is Adenosine Cyclic available as a generic?
Adenosine Cyclic is a basic biological compound, but its pharmaceutical preparations are usually specialized products like specific allergenic extracts or diagnostic kits. While 'generic' versions of some extracts exist, they are not always interchangeable because the concentrations and 'non-standardized' nature of the extracts can vary between manufacturers. Your doctor will typically prescribe a specific brand or preparation that they have experience with. In the United States, these are regulated as biological products rather than simple generic drugs. Always use the specific product recommended by your specialist to ensure consistent results.
Similar Medications
Other drugs with the same active ingredient (Adenosine Cyclic)
Generalized Hives (Urticaria): Itchy bumps appearing on parts of the body away from the injection site.
Nausea: A feeling of stomach upset or the urge to vomit.
Headache: Mild to moderate tension-type headaches.
Increased Heart Rate: A noticeable increase in pulse, often described as a 'fluttering' in the chest.
Rare Side Effects (less than 1 in 100)
Syncope (Fainting): A sudden loss of consciousness, often due to a vasovagal response to the injection.
Hypotension: A significant drop in blood pressure.
Joint Pain (Arthralgia): Rare reports of transient joint discomfort following systemic absorption.
Serious Side Effects — Seek Immediate Medical Attention
> Warning: Stop taking Adenosine Cyclic and call your doctor immediately or seek emergency care if you experience any of the following symptoms of a systemic reaction.
Anaphylaxis: This is a life-threatening allergic reaction. Symptoms include a sudden feeling of warmth, a rash, swelling of the throat or tongue, difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a rapid, weak pulse.
Chest Pain (Angina): Because Adenosine Cyclic has beta-adrenergic properties, it can increase the oxygen demand of the heart, potentially triggering chest pain in susceptible individuals.
Severe Bronchospasm: Sudden, severe wheezing and inability to catch your breath, particularly in patients with pre-existing asthma.
Angioedema: Deep swelling of the tissues, most commonly the lips, eyes, or throat, which can obstruct the airway.
Long-Term Side Effects
Because Adenosine Cyclic is often used in long-term immunotherapy, clinicians monitor for cumulative effects.
Immune System Modulation: The primary long-term effect is a shift in the immune response from a Th2 (allergic) profile to a Th1 (non-allergic) profile. This is the intended therapeutic effect.
Organ Stress: While rare, chronic overstimulation of cAMP pathways could theoretically impact cardiovascular health or metabolic balance (such as glucose regulation), though this is seldom seen with the low doses used in allergenic extracts.
Black Box Warnings
While "Adenosine Cyclic" itself may not have a universal black box warning, many of the Non-Standardized Allergenic Extracts in which it is an active ingredient carry a Black Box Warning for Anaphylaxis.
Summary of Warning: These products can cause severe, life-threatening systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. They should only be administered in a healthcare setting by personnel trained in the management of anaphylaxis and equipped with emergency supplies, including epinephrine. Patients with unstable asthma or those taking beta-blockers may be at increased risk for severe outcomes.
Report any unusual symptoms or changes in your health to your healthcare provider immediately. Early reporting of side effects is crucial for adjusting your treatment plan safely.
Major Precautions
Allergic Reactions / Anaphylaxis Risk: This is the most significant concern. Any history of severe reactions to similar extracts or medications must be disclosed. Patients should be taught how to use an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen) if they are undergoing long-term immunotherapy.
Cardiovascular Risks: Because Adenosine Cyclic acts as an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist, it can cause vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and increased blood pressure. It should be used with extreme caution in patients with coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, or uncontrolled hypertension.
Asthma and Respiratory Disease: Patients with asthma should have their lung function (peak flow or spirometry) assessed before receiving an injection. If the patient is experiencing an asthma flare-up, the dose should be withheld.
Autoimmune Disorders: Use with caution in patients with active autoimmune diseases, as modulating the immune system could potentially exacerbate the condition.
Monitoring Requirements
Regular monitoring is required to ensure the safety and efficacy of Adenosine Cyclic therapy:
Vital Signs: Heart rate and blood pressure should be checked before and after administration.
Lung Function: For asthmatic patients, peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring is often recommended.
Skin Tests: Periodic re-evaluation of skin sensitivity to the extract is necessary to adjust dosing.
Laboratory Tests: In cases of calculi dissolution, periodic monitoring of serum electrolytes and urinary pH is standard.
Driving and Operating Machinery
Adenosine Cyclic generally does not cause sedation. However, if a patient experiences a mild systemic reaction, dizziness, or a 'vasovagal' response (fainting) after an injection, they should not drive or operate heavy machinery until these symptoms have completely resolved.
Alcohol Use
While there is no direct chemical interaction between Adenosine Cyclic and alcohol, alcohol consumption can cause vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which may increase the rate of absorption of an injected extract and potentially increase the risk or severity of an allergic reaction. It is advised to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours around the time of treatment.
Discontinuation
Stopping Adenosine Cyclic immunotherapy suddenly does not typically cause a 'withdrawal syndrome.' However, it will result in the loss of the 'desensitization' effect, and the patient's original allergy symptoms will likely return. If the drug is being used for calculi dissolution, stopping treatment may lead to the recurrence of stone formation.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions, including any history of heart problems or asthma, with your healthcare provider before starting Adenosine Cyclic.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): These can increase the cardiovascular effects of Adenosine Cyclic, leading to an increased risk of arrhythmias.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (e.g., Theophylline, Sildenafil): These drugs prevent the breakdown of Adenosine Cyclic. Taking them together can lead to an 'over-accumulation' of cAMP in the cells, causing excessive heart rate, tremors, and metabolic disturbances.
Moderate Interactions
Diuretics: Since Adenosine Cyclic can affect renal handling of minerals, use with diuretics (water pills) may require more frequent monitoring of potassium and sodium levels.
Corticosteroids: While often used to treat allergic reactions, long-term use of steroids can alter the immune response to allergenic extracts.
Food Interactions
Caffeine: Caffeine is a natural phosphodiesterase inhibitor. High intake of coffee, tea, or energy drinks can slow the breakdown of Adenosine Cyclic, potentially increasing its side effects like jitteriness and rapid heart rate.
High-Purine Foods: Since the breakdown of Adenosine Cyclic eventually leads to uric acid, a diet very high in purines (like organ meats or certain seafood) might increase the risk of gout in susceptible individuals.
Herbal/Supplement Interactions
St. John’s Wort: May alter the metabolic clearance of various compounds, though its specific effect on cAMP is not well-documented.
Ephedra / Ma Huang: These contain natural stimulants that can dangerously compound the adrenergic effects of Adenosine Cyclic.
Gingko Biloba: May have mild anti-platelet effects, which could theoretically interact with the anti-coagulant properties of Adenosine Cyclic.
Lab Test Interactions
Glucose Tests: Adenosine Cyclic stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. This may cause a transient rise in blood sugar levels, potentially affecting the results of a fasting glucose test.
Uric Acid Tests: As a purine derivative, its metabolism can cause a slight, temporary increase in serum uric acid levels.
For each major interaction, the mechanism typically involves either the modulation of the G-protein signaling pathway or the inhibition of the enzymes (PDEs) that clear the drug from the system. The clinical consequence is usually either a reduced ability to treat an emergency (with beta-blockers) or an exaggerated stimulant effect (with PDE inhibitors).
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, especially if you are taking heart or blood pressure medications.
Relative Contraindications
Conditions requiring careful risk-benefit analysis by a specialist:
Pregnancy: While not strictly forbidden, starting a new course of Adenosine Cyclic (especially for immunotherapy) is generally avoided due to the risk of anaphylaxis-induced fetal hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the baby).
Autoimmune Disorders: The potential for immune system 'flares' must be weighed against the benefits of treating the allergy.
Severe Hypertension: The blood pressure must be brought under control before starting therapy.
Renal Failure: Requires extreme caution and dose adjustment due to the accumulation of metabolites.
Cross-Sensitivity
Patients who are sensitive to other adenosine-related compounds or specific nucleotides should be monitored for cross-reactivity. Furthermore, because Adenosine Cyclic is often delivered in a base of 'Non-Standardized Plant or Food Extracts,' patients with known sensitivities to related botanical families (e.g., Ragweed and Chamomile) must be treated with caution.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history and perform a physical exam before prescribing Adenosine Cyclic.
: It is unknown if exogenously administered Adenosine Cyclic passes into human breast milk. However, since it is a naturally occurring molecule with a very short half-life, it is unlikely to reach the infant in significant quantities.
Risk-Benefit: The decision to breastfeed while on therapy should be made in consultation with a doctor, weighing the benefits of breastfeeding against the mother's need for the medication.
Pediatric Use
Approved Use: Adenosine Cyclic is used in children for allergy testing and immunotherapy.
Special Considerations: Children may be less able to communicate the early symptoms of a systemic reaction (like an itchy throat or a sense of 'doom'). Therefore, they must be monitored even more closely than adults. Growth and development do not appear to be affected by the low doses used in allergenic extracts.
Geriatric Use
Increased Risks: Patients over age 65 are more likely to have underlying cardiovascular disease, which increases the risk of complications from the adrenergic effects of Adenosine Cyclic.
Renal Clearance: Natural age-related decline in kidney function may require more careful dosing to avoid the accumulation of uric acid metabolites.
Renal Impairment
Dose Adjustments: In patients with a GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) below 30 mL/min, the interval between doses may need to be increased.
Dialysis: Adenosine Cyclic and its metabolites are likely cleared by dialysis, but specific dosing for dialysis patients has not been standardized.
Hepatic Impairment
Monitoring: While the liver is not the primary metabolic pathway, patients with Child-Pugh Class C (severe) liver disease should be monitored for secondary metabolic acidosis, which can alter the effectiveness and safety of cAMP-mediated signaling.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment and often more frequent monitoring than the general population.
Duration: The effect is transient, usually lasting only as long as the molecule remains intact before being degraded by phosphodiesterases.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in most organic solvents.
Structure: A cyclic nucleotide containing an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and a single phosphate group esterified to both the 3' and 5' positions of the sugar.
Drug Class
Adenosine Cyclic is classified as a cyclic nucleotide and a second messenger. Within the FDA's EPC system, it is grouped with Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extracts, Calculi Dissolution Agents, and Adrenergic Agonists. It is chemically related to other nucleotides like Guanosine Cyclic Phosphate (cGMP).